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Mali

Mali Clashes: More than a Dozen Feared Dead

Hend Salah, Las Vegas Guardian

24 November 2013

 

Officials have released a statement that because of clashes in Mali, more than a dozen are feared dead because of ethnic group Tuareg attacks near the border of Niger. Security officials in the city of Gao stated that sixteen people were killed on Saturday in the middle of clashes. African director for International Federation for Human rights Florent Geel confirmed that sixteen were killed, but was waiting on more information.

These were not the first clashes occurring in Mali. In the beginning of November, three people were killed in the middle of clashes between the Tuareg separatist group and the army of Mali. (read more)


Shooting of French soldier related to racism

Sapa - AFP

23 November 2013

 

A Malian arrested after a French police officer was shot at in Bamako "hates white people", sources close to the investigation told AFP on Saturday.

A French soldier in Mali was shot by a Malian described as hating white people. (AFP)

The officer, on secondment with the French army, was ambushed by a gunman as he left his home in his car on Friday, but managed to escape with his life after being grazed on the head by a bullet. (read more)


Tuareg rebels killed in battle with Malian troops

 Reuters

11 November 2013

 

Three people were killed on Friday during clashes between the MNLA Tuareg separatist group and the Malian army in the north of the country, the MNLA said in a statement, accusing the Malian army of violating a ceasefire agreement.

 The MNLA said on its website that the Malian army arrested "several civilians, and executed three of them, wounding three others," near Menaka.

 The Malian defense ministry, however, describing the same incident, said a group of armed bandits had attacked a Malian army patrol in the same area. (read more)


Suicide attack in northern Mali causes multiple deaths and injuries, UN says

Associated Press

23 October 2013

 

DAKAR, Senegal — A U.N. spokesman says a suicide attack in northern Mali has caused multiple deaths and serious injuries, continuing a recent string of attacks.

Olivier Salgado said Wednesday the casualties included U.N. peacekeepers and civilians but that he could not confirm totals because the situation was “evolving.”

He said the attack occurred around 10 a.m. in the northern town of Tessalit, the site of a Chadian base. (read more)


Mali says separatists break peace deal after ethnic clashes

By Reuters

20 July 2013

(Reuters) - Mali's government accused northern Tuareg separatists on Saturday of violating a ceasefire deal signed last month after 4 people were killed in ethnic violence in the northern town of Kidal, a week ahead of elections.

The violence raised fears about disruptions to the July 28 presidential election, pushed for by France and Western donors and meant to draw a line under a March 2012 coup that led to a 10-month seizure of northern Mali by al Qaeda-linked rebels. (read more)

Ethnic Clashes Erupt in Northern Mali

By Reuters

19 July 2013

BAMAKO —
Malian troops deployed in the northern town of Kidal on Friday after attacks by light-skinned Tuareg separatists on black residents killed at least one, a week before elections meant to unify the fractured nation.
 

Residents said Tuareg youths took the streets of the desert town late on Thursday to target black African residents, firing shots and burning vehicles. Calm was briefly restored after U.N. peacekeepers made some arrests, but violence resumed on Friday. (read more)

Mali: Election Threatens to Exchange One Crisis for Another

By Louise Arbour and Gilles Yabi, allAfrica    

9 July 2013

Mali's forthcoming election risks being marred by such technical shortcomings, and with such a low rate of participation, that a new president could be deprived of the legitimacy necessary to lead a confused and weakened country back onto the road to stability and development. (read more)

U.N. Official Sees Desperation, Hunger and Fear on Visit to Mali
By Rick Gladstone
26th February 2013

A top United Nations relief official who just returned from a trip to northern Mali said Tuesday that desperation, hunger and fear had pervaded the region in the year since Islamist militant extremists seized control, and that only $17 million of the organization’s appeal for $373 million in emergency aid had been donated so far. The official, John Ging, the operations director of the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, said some conditions had begun to improve in northern Mali since a French-led military operation began last month in an effort to expunge the militants from cities like Gao and Timbuktu. But Mr. Ging said that during his four-day trip to the northern part of Mali, an area twice the size of Germany, he had heard harrowing tales of rapes, amputations and brutalities committed against children. ( Read more)


Nearly 100 Rebels Are Reported Killed in Mali Battle

By Scott Seyare, The New York Times

24th February 2013

 

PARIS — Nearly 100 Islamist fighters were killed in a firefight last week in the rugged northern reaches of Mali, the Chadian military announced on Sunday, in what appears to have been the single most deadly ground battle since the Malian war began in mid-January. (Read more)


AP Interview: Mali investigating accusations that its soldiers are committing atrocities
By The associated Press
19 February 2013

PARIS — Malian authorities are investigating claims of torture, killings and reprisals by its own soldiers against minority civilians suspected of links to Islamist militants — accusations that threaten to jeopardize international support for fighting terrorism in the Sahara. (Read more)


Left behind in a house in Timbuktu, al-Qaida’s manifesto, outlining strategic vision for Mali.
By Baba Ahmed with The associated Press
14 February 2013

TIMBUKTU, Mali — In their hurry to flee last month, al-Qaida fighters left behind a crucial document: Tucked under a pile of papers and trash is a confidential letter, spelling out the terror network’s strategy for conquering northern Mali and reflecting internal discord over how to rule the region. (Read more)


Mali Islamist rebels urge dialogue, halt to hostilities
AFP
6 November 2012

OUAGADOUGOU — Ansar Dine, an Islamist group occupying northern Mali, called Tuesday for other fighters to join them in political dialogue, as military chiefs plot strategies to expel the extremists by force.

As diplomatic efforts for a military solution to the Islamist occupation of Mali's vast arid north intensify, Ansar Dine has dispatched envoys to Burkina Faso and Algeria in a bid to negotiate an end to the crisis.

After meeting with the chief regional mediator, Burkina Faso President Blaise Compaore, the Ansar Dine delegation urged "all the armed movements" to follow its lead with the aim of establishing "an inclusive political dialogue."

In a declaration read by envoy Mohamed Aharid, they called for "a total halt to hostilities, the respect of fundamental rights and freedoms, the return of all displaced people and refugees and the creation of an environment conducive to adopting and implementing a full peace agreement that addresses all the deep causes of the crisis. (read more)

Mali Islamists Willing to Cut al-Qaeda Ties Ansar Dine Would Back International Dialogue, Elections
by Jason Dit
Antiwar

03 November, 2012

In an attempt to forestall the US-backed invasion of northern Mali, the Islamist faction Ansar Dine has reportedly told Algerian officials that they are willing to sever all ties with al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb (AQIM) and hold elections.

Ansar Dine has deployed two factions, one to Algiers and another to Burkina Faso in an attempt to kickstart international negotiations on the status of Azawad, the northern two-thirds of Mali which are in a de facto state of independence since early this year, when Tuareg secessionists ousted the Malian military before being themselves ousted by Ansar Dine.

France and the United States have been pushing for a plan to invade Azawad, with the goal of imposing on the region the rule of the “interim” government of southern Mali, installed by the military junta after the loss of Azawad led to a coup.

Ansar Dine has sought to install a Taliban-style theocracy in Azawad, but now says they are willing to “play the democracy game” and have promised a statement in the next few days aimed at placating Western concerns that the region could become a breeding ground for terrorists.

Copyright Antiwar

Analysts say Somalia progress might not translate to Mali
John Vandiver
Stars and Stripes
19 October 2012

STUTTGART, Germany — While the U.S. is hailing Somalia as a success story, an example of how concerted international efforts can rout Islamic extremists in control of much of the country, some analysts are tempering that success with caution.

The U.S.‘ strategy in Somalia is largely focused on training and equipping African Union forces, who have made steady gains against the militant group al-Shabaab, which has been pushed out of the capital and other major cities.

As the U.S. grapples with what to do in northern Africa and across the Sahel, where security vacuums have opened the door to al-Qaida-aligned terror organizations, Johnnie Carson, assistant secretary of state for African affairs, has suggested the recent gains in Somalia could serve as a model in volatile places like Mali. (read more)

Mali emerges as the latest al-Qaida hub Jonathan Manthorpe
Indepthafrica
30 September 2012


Northern Mali, captured by Muslim fundamentalists earlier this year, is rapidly becoming a new haven and headquarters for the al-Qaida terrorist network.

Al-Qaida’s growing presence in the Sahel region stretching across West Africa from the Atlantic to the Red Sea comes as it is under increasing pressure in its other base areas.

In Pakistan its hideouts near the Afghanistan border are under constant attack from missiles fired by United States drone aircraft. The same is true in Yemen, the homeland of assassinated al-Qaida leader Osama bin Laden.

In Somalia the territory controlled by al-Qaida allies al-Shabab is shrinking rapidly as regional forces recapture the country on behalf of a transitional government. (read more)

Mali’s Taureg want to be involve in settling crisis
REUTERS
27 September 2012

Mali's Prime Minister Cheick Modibo Diarra addresses the 67th session of the United Nations General Assembly at UN headquarters in New York.

Mali's Tuareg separatist movement has asked the United Nations to involve them in settling the crisis in the north of the country, saying otherwise there was no chance of “a definitive solution”.

“Without the frank and direct involvement of the National Movement for the Liberation of the Azawad (MNLA), it is illusory to hope for a definitive solution and lasting peace” in Islamist-occupied northern Mali, the MNLA's representative in Europe, Mossa Ag Attaher, wrote Wednesday in a letter to UN chief Ban Ki-moon.

The letter called for the “wiping out of the Islamo-narco-terrorist plague in the Sahel region (of west Africa) and the Azawad (northern Mali),” and was timed to coincide with a UN debate on the option of sending international troops to end an Islamist occupation of half the country. (read more)

Mali: End horrific abuses targeting civilians amid conflict
Amnesty International
20 September 2012

Fighting in Mali has died down and parties to the armed conflict watch each other without direct confrontation – but hostility still simmers below the surface and civilians on both sides continue to bear the brunt of horrific abuses

As conflict continues in Mali, Amnesty International has unearthed evidence that civilians are on the receiving end of horrific abuses that include amputations, sexual violence and extra-judicial executions.

After a 15-day research mission to Mali earlier this month, the organization launched a new briefing revealing such abuses in several locations across the country.

Mali: Civilians bear the brunt of the conflict also documents the recruitment of child soldiers – including in camps located on state land. (read more)

Credit: Joseph Eid/Getty
Genocide Watch: Mali
By Genocide Watch
6 March 2012, updated 24 April 2012
(En français)

The Mali Federation gained independence on September 22, 1960. The regime in Mali imposed authoritarian Marxist rule. In the 1990s, opposition against the government increased and resulted in a successful coup. The first democratic elections were won by Alpha Ouamar Konaré. In 2002 he was succeeded by Amadou Toumani Touaré, who was ousted during a military coup under the direction of Captain Amadou Sanogo on March 22, 2012. Under the pressure of the international community, in particular ECOWAS, the junta decided a few weeks later to hand over power to a civilian government. According to an agreement between ECOWAS and the junta, the president of the national assembly, Dioncounda Traoré, was sworn in as interim president on April 12, 2012.

The history of Mali is characterized by several insurgencies of the Tuaregs in the northern region. Historians identify four major rebellions: 1916-1917, 1962-1964, 1990-1995 and 2007-2009. The current insurgency, however, is characterized by unprecedented organization and militarization.

Some Tuaregs served as mercenaries in the forces loyal to Colonel Qaddafi, the former dictator of Libya. After Qaddafi was overthrown in October 2011, the Tuaregs returned to Mali with heavy weapons and ammunition. They founded a new organization to fight for secession of northern Mali: the National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad (NMLA). The NMLA wants to establish an independent state for the Tuareg people in the Sahel region. Many sources highlight the link between the current Malian insurgency and the defeat of the troops of Colonel Qaddafi (read more).

The coup leaders justified their action under the pretext that the Malian government has not given the military the heavy weaponry and other capacity to deal with the Tuareg insurgency in northern Mali, which they say is supported by AQIM (Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb). France denies the existence of such a connection. Nina Wallet Intalou, one of the principal leaders of the NMLA, declares that AQIM actually poses a threat to the Tuareg culture.

Since January 17, 2012 the NMLA has conquered some of the tiny villages in northern Mali. Recently important cities such as Timbuktu, Kidal and Gao have also been captured by the rebels.  During the Tuareg conquests, they have committed brutal ethnic massacres and summary executions. One of the first villages they occupied, Aguelhok, was recaptured by the Malian army. On January 24, 2012, the NMLA recaptured Aguelhok and executed 82 prisoners from the Malian army. Two tactics were used: shooting a single bullet through the head or slitting the throat. The hands of the victims were tied. These summary executions were war crimes under both the Geneva Conventions and the Statute of the International Criminal Court, to which Mali is a State-Party. The ICC has, therefore, declared that it will consider claims from several sources in order to decide whether or not to open a war crimes investigation into the allegations of atrocities committed in Mali since January.

On April 6, 2012 the NMLA has declared the independence of the Azawad region. No country in the world recognizes it. The reaction of the new president was as follows: “We won’t hesitate to wage a total, relentless war to regain our territorial integrity and also to kick out of our country all these invaders who bring despair and misery". The current state of affairs in Mali is thus extremely dangerous. Since April 15 negotiations have started between the NMLA and the Malian government.

It is important to stress that most Tuaregs do not support the cause of the NMLA and its secessionist claims. They consider themselves to be Malian nationals. For instance, some of the Tuareg mercenaries who served in the troops of Colonel Qaddafi have already been reintegrated in the Malian army. However, many Tuaregs not supportive of the NMLA have fled northern Mali because they are afraid of reprisals. Recent demonstrations in Bamako have turned against any persons who are believed to be Tuaregs.

The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Navi Pillay, has reported that civilians in the north have been killed, robed, raped and forced to flee. She has also declared that ethnic tensions in Mali are rising. The number of internally displaced persons and refugees in the neighboring countries of Niger, Burkina Faso, Mauritania and Algeria now number more than 268,000. Besides the tenuous security situation, there are food shortages in the entire Sahel region due to poor rainfall. A humanitarian crisis is imminent, but humanitarian food deliveries have been blocked by the violent NMLA rebellion in northern Mali.

Mali is at stage 5 of Genocide Watch's 8 stages of genocide: Polarization.

Relevant information should be sent to mali@genocidewatch.org.


Updates

6 November 2012 Mali Islamist rebels urge dialogue, halt to hostilities By AFP

06 November 2012 Mali Islamists Willing to Cut al-Qaeda Ties By Antiwar

23 October 2012 Analysts say Somalia progress might not translate to Mali By Stars and Stripes

02 September 2012 Mali emerges as the latest al-Qaida hub Jonathan Manthorpe
By IndepthAfrica

27 September 2012
Mali’s Taureg want to be involve in settling crisis By Reuters

21 September 2012
Mali: End horrific abuses targeting civilians amid conflict By Amnesty International
23 August 2012 "Nigeria makes Mali force warning" By Ghana MMA

17 August 2012 "Northern Mali militants recruiting children" By Voice of America

12 August 2012 "Malians rally for return of peace, order" By Voice of America

09 August 2012 "Mali Islamists amputate hand of suspected theif" BY Reuters

08 August 2012 "Mali rebels told to cut ties to terrorists" By Voice of America

07 August 2012 "ECOWAS prepares to deploy forces to Mali" By Voice of America

07 August 2012 "Malians fear results of government inaction in North" By Voice of America

06 August 2012 "Mali crisis, Goa protests stop hand amputations" By BBC News

30 July 2012 "Mali warned of human rights chaos" By Amnesty International

30 July 2012 "Mali faces human rights chaos" By Amnesty International

30 July 2012 "Mali leader seeks Islamist talks" BY BBC

27 July 2012 "Good reads; Mali jihadis, and the consequences of military intervention" By Scott Baldauf, The Christian Science Monitor

27 July 2012 "Rights group: Mali coup leader's forces behind disappearances of 20 people, comitted torture" By The Associated Press

26 July 2012 "Mali leaders agree to help from foreign troops" By Robbie Corey-Boulet, The Associated Press

25 July 2012 "Wave of Violent Repression Plagues Capital of Mali" By Adam Nossiter, New York Times

25 July 2012 "Mali: Security Forces 'Disappear' 20, Torture Others" By Human Rights Watch

25 July 2012 "Mali terror groups fight flagging morale" By Jemal Oumar,  Magharebia

25 July 2012 "Ex-Junta abducted, tortured dozens" By Voice of America

18 July 2012 "ICC starts probe into Mali crisis" By AFP

18 July 2012 "Mali asks international court to investigate alleged war crimes" By The Los Angeles Times

18 July 2012 "Mali journalists go on strike" By The Guardian

17 July 2012 "Islamic extremists face citizen uprising in Mali"  By The Guardian

16 July 2012 "Near Timbuktu a fragile calm follows unrest" By Voice of America
14 July 2012 "AU calls Northern Mali Islamists threat to the World" By Voice of America

13 July 2012 "Mali seeks ICC probe into 'atrocities' in occupied north" By AFP 

12 July 2012 "US condemns Mali attacks as cultural 'assault'" By AFP 

13 July 2012 "Northern Malians protest strict Islamic Law" By Voice of America

10 July 2012 "Tombs in Timbuktu's Djingareyber mosque 'destroyed'" By BBC News

10 July 2012 "Armed militants resume destruction of Timbuktu's shrines" BY Voice of America
07 July 2012 "ECOWAS technical team monitoring Mali security crisis" By Voice of America
06 July 2012 "Malis conflict and war over skin color" By Guardian
06 July 2012 "Mali focus of West African Leaders meeting" By Voice of America

05 July 2012 "UN concerned about rising terror threat in Mali" By Voice of America

03 July 2012 "Is Mali's conflict a threat to the region?" By Al Jazeera

02 July 2012 "Mali Islamists vow to destroy 'every mausolem' in Timbuktu" By Tom A. Peter, The Christian Science Monitor

28 June 2012 "'Dozens killed' in northern Mali fighting" By Al Jazeera 

27 June 2012 "Clashes in Northern Mali kill 20" By Voice of America

27 June 2012 "Mali: Islamist and Tuareg rebels clas in north" By BBC News Africa

21 June 2012 "Teenager lashed 100 times in Timbuktu for having child out of wedlock" By Telegraph Media Group Limited

21 June 2012 "Once a stopover, Mali town becomes frontline destination for displaced people" By Derek Flood, The Christian Science Monitor

26 Juin 2012 " Mali: La junte militaire continue d'imposer la loi" Par Afriquejet

21 June 2012 "Intervention options in Northern Mali" By UN Intergrated Regional Information News

19 June 2012 "UN ready to consider ECOWAS request to back Mali force" By Louis Charbonneau, Reuters

13 June 2012 "Islamist militants taking advantage of chaos in Mali" by Derek Henry Flood-CNN

13 June 2012 "Dangers of dealing with the 'Afghanistan of West Africa'" By Mark Doyle, BBC

13 June 2012 " Malian rebels clash in north as tensions rise" By Tiemoko Diallo-Reuters

12 June 2012 "Tension around possible Islamic State in Northern Mali" By AllAfrica

12 June 2012 "Timbuktu faces humanitarian cisis after invasion by al-Queda" By Telegraph Media Group Limited

12 June 2012 "Tension around possible Islamic state in northern Mali" By Inter Press Service

08 June 2012 "Tuareg rebels and Islamists clash in Northern Mali" By GhanaMMA

01 June 2012 "Mali Tuareg rebels call off alliance with Islamists"  By Voice of America

30 May 2012 " African Union to take Mali to UN Security Council" by Reuters

29 May 2012 "Mali Rebels say they will create Moderate Islamic State," by Anne Look, Voice of America

22 May 2012 "Mali protesters storm palace and beat interim president" by Katarina Hoije CNN

17 May 2012 "Mali Coup Tuargegs tell of ethnic attacks" BBC News Africa

15 May 2012 "West African ministers meet to tackle Mali crises" By Ghana MMA

2 May 2012 "Why were regional institutions unable to avert Mali's political crisis?," by Vikki Chambers, The Guardian

26 April 2012 "ECOWAS to send troops after Mali, Guinea-Bissau coups," by BBC News

24 April 2012 "Updated country profile of Mali," by Genocide Watch

24 April 2012 "ICC to consider allegations of atrocities in Mali," by BBC News

19 April 2012 "Plus de 268 000 réfugiés et déplacés depuis mi-janvier," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

18 April 2012 "Nina Wallet Intalou, la pasionaria indépendantiste des Touareg maliens," by Isabelle Mandraud, LeMonde.fr

17 April 2012 "Reported arrests in Mali raise questions about junta," by Adam Nossiter, The New York Times

13 April 2012 "Mali's new leader threatens total war against Tuareg rebels," by The Telegraph

12 April 2012 "Navi Pillay calls for major effort to halt human rights abuses in Mali"

12 April 2012 "Tempête politique dans le désert," by Laura-Julie Perreault, La Presse
12 April 2012 "Mali's new interim civilian president is sworn into office 3 weeks after military coup," by Associated Press, The Washington Post

10 April 2012 "Au Mali, la multiplication des combattants djihadistes est inquiétante," by LeMonde.fr

9 April 2012 "Des Islamistes de la secte Boko Haram présents au nord du Mali," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

5 April 2012 "Tuareg rebels in Mali declare cease-fire, as Mali's neighbors prepare military intervention," by Associated Press, The Washington Post

3 April 2012 "Mali update: military coup," by Genocide Watch

3 April 2012 "Mali coup leaders face sanctions and concern over Timbuktu," by Lydia Polgreen, The New York Times

30 March 2012 "Rebels seize desert town of Kidal," by BBC News

29 March 2012 "L'Afrique de l'Ouest lance un ultimatum au Mali," by Serge Daniel, Agence France-Presse, La Presse

29 March 2012 "Le nord du Sahel a besoin d'un plan Marshall pour sortir de la violence," by Serge Michailof, LeMonde.fr

29 March 2012 "La Cédéao annule sa mission au Mali," by AFP, Reuters, LeMonde.fr

28 March 2012 "La Cédéao menace les putschistes maliens d'une action armée," by Jean-Philippe Rémy, LeMonde.fr

28 March 2012 "Des milliers de manifestants à Bamako pour soutenir la junte," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

26 March 2012 "Manifestation contre la junte à Bamako," by Thomas Morfin, Agence France-Presse, La Presse

23 March 2012 "International condemnation grows against Malian coup," by The Telegraph

22 March 2012 "La révolution libyenne et AQMI ont déstabilisé le nord du Mali," by Jean-Philippe Rémy, LeMonde.fr

22 March 2012 "Mali rebels claim to have ousted regime in coup," by Afua Hirsch, The Guardian

22 March 2012 "Coup d'état militaire au Mali," by Serge Daniel, AFP, La Presse

22 March 2012 "Au Mali, des militaires renversent 'ATT'," by Philippe Bernard and Jean-Philippe Rémy, LeMonde.fr

20 March 2012 "Le Nord-est du Mali aux mains des rebelles touareg," by Agence France-Presse, La Presse

20 March 2012 "Le mouvement islamiste armé touareg affirme contrôler le nord-est du Mali," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

17 March 2012 "A perfect desert storm: Political extremism, Libyan weapons and changing weather patterns are causing turmoil in the Sahel," by The Economist

15 March 2012 "Le président malien accuse AQMI d'aider la rébellion touareg," by AFP, Reuters, LeMonde.fr

12 March 2012 "Violents combats, crise humanitaire et impasse politique au Nord-Mali," by LeMonde.fr

11 March 2012 "Tuareg rebels in Mali claim to control major military base in Tessalit," by Associated Press, The Washington Post

6 March 2012 "Country profile of Mali," by Genocide Watch

28 February 2012 "The Tuareg - Between armed uprising and drought," by Baz Lecocq and Nadia Belalimat, AllAfrica News

27 February 2012 "Mali conflict sends refugees fleeing across border to Niger," by Celeste Hicks, The Guardian

27 February 2012 ""I saw everyone leaving, we were scared" Mali refugees tell their stories," by Celeste Hicks, The Guardian

24 February 2012 "Au Mali, près de 130 000 personnes ont fui les combats depuis 17 Janvier," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

17 February 2012 "Les ONG dénoncent une crise humanitaire dans le nord du Mali," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

16 February 2012 "L'armée attaque les Touareg," by Tanguy Berthemet, Le Figaro

14 February 2012 "Des Touaregs exécutent des soldats maliens," by Tanguy Berthemet, Le Figaro

13 February 2012 "Rébellion Touareg au Mali: Paris dénonce des "exécutions sommaires"," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

7 February 2012 "Mali contends with new Tuareg rebellion as food crisis looms," by The Guardian

5 February 2012 "Qaddafi's weapons, taken by old allies, reinvigorate an insurgent army in Mali," by Adam Nossiter, The New York Times

5 February 2012 "Thousands flee Mali amid Tuareg rebellion," by Associated Press, The Guardian

24 January 2012 "New Tuareg rebel group goes on the offensive in north-east Mali," by Jean-Philippe Rémy, The Guardian

20 January 2012 "Plusieurs dizaines de morts dans des combats au Mali," by AFP, LeMonde.fr

19 January 2012 "Fierce clashes between Malian army and Tuareg rebels kill 47," by The Telegraph

27 August 2009 "Mali women's rights bill blocked," by Martin Vogl, BBC News

27 August 2009 "To love, honour and obey in Mali," by Martin Vogl, BBC News



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